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By W. Yokian. Oklahoma City University.

AstraZeneca has scaled up its kets buy tinidazole 300 mg online, AstraZeneca has developed new artwork lishes the status of all patents it holds for high- Young Health Programme cheap 1000mg tinidazole visa. The programme for felodipine (Plendil ), lisinopril (Zestril ) and need products in the high-burden countries focuses on preventing non-communicable dis- lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (Zestoretic ), measured by the Index, including publishing the ease among adolescents. AstraZeneca s intra-country equi- for patents, where it is prepared to license, and table pricing strategy for ticagrelor (Brilinta ) for which products, and gives an indication of Drops four places. This strategy is particularly important AstraZeneca donations are covered within the as ticagrelor is a frst-line therapy in the preven- Active in all areas of capacity building, targets AstraZeneca Global Guidance Procedure and tion of atherothrombotic events, is on patent, local needs. This has shaped its new pricing pliant with its regulations to ensure products are policy and will continue to do so in the future. Focus on Kenya for strengthening supply chains donated appropriately and as represented. AstraZeneca company also requires quarterly reports from Centre of Excellence and trains international focuses on Kenya, through its Healthy Heart partner organisations. Africa programme, to build local supply chain management and pharmacovigilance capac- Involved in humanitarian aid programmes. Strong approach to philanthropy that meets AstraZeneca is the largest riser, climbing ten local needs. It solid compliance processes protect it from breaching laws does not, for example, clearly make sales agents accounta- and regulations on unethical behaviour. As such, insight into its progress and local needs and capacity gaps into account. This could can rigorously monitor and evaluate the drug Improve clinical trial transparency. Gilead lags help address the increasing burden of these con- donation programme it has initiated in Georgia, behind the industry in this area. The company can also introduce a mech- including more high-prevalence middle income socio-economic factors in its inter-country equi- anism for sharing anonymised patient-level data countries in the terms of its hepatitis C licens- table pricing strategies, to help ensure products with third parties. Gilead Ethics, Gilead discloses the details of its policy only company in the industry that does not have falls three places, despite having a range of for managing conficts of interest. It does not publish information No breaches of laws or codes of conduct gov- level data on request. As in 2014, Gilead has not been the subject of any settlements for Does not share intellectual property. It has a centralised employees must undergo training in this respect Gilead drops six places, but remains among the performance management system with quar- and understand all the various elements of the leaders. Low transparency on stakeholder engagement Business Partner Compliance Pocket Guide, It is less transparent than in 2014 about its vol- strategy and activities. Gilead has a clear stake- which addresses a range of interactions with umes of sales, which means there is little evi- holder engagement strategy, but does not pro- physicians and government ofcials. Gilead dence for the implementation of its pricing vide information regarding the stakeholder ofers compliance training, featuring case-based strategies. Its inter-country equitable pricing engagement activities of its branch organisa- scenarios, to business partners across multi- strategies only consider a few socio-economic tions. Gilead s relevant pipeline is smaller than ister half (50%) of its newest products in a few strong compliance system, including guidance the industry average, and it falls below indus- priority countries (disease-specifc sub-sets and contractual obligations to contractors. In an try standards for clinical trial conduct and clinical of countries with a particular need for access innovative move, the company has developed a data transparency. Gilead has an ethical marketing ted to conducting R&D for resource-limited set- Monitors prices and provides pricing guidelines code that also applies to third parties, but it has tings. For its hepatitis C prod- marketing activities and payments in countries ucts, the company sets pricing guidance for its within scope. The company is not a signatory to Poor measures to ensure clinical trials are con- sales agents via transfer prices. Despite having policies in place to ensure ethical clinical trial conduct, Gilead Consistent recall guidelines. Gilead has glob- Publicly discloses policy positions and con- does not provide evidence that it monitors clin- ally consistent guidelines for issuing drug recalls fict of interest policy. Gilead publishes its policy ical trial conduct or takes disciplinary action in all countries relevant to the Index where its positions related to access, in particular those when ethical violations occur. Gilead has not recalled 110 Access to Medicine Index 2016 a product for a relevant disease in a country in all of its hepatitis C portfolio. Notably, it did so Monitoring mainly the responsibility of part- scope during the period of analysis. Gilead contractually requires that donation it does make recall information publicly available. The com- fovir disoproxil fumarate and efavirenz/emtric- environmental conditions, demographic or cul- pany builds manufacturing capacity in coun- itabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate each year tural needs.

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